Gifting Shares by way of Deed of Gift

A Deed of Gift is a formal legal document used to give a gift of property, money or shares/securities to another person. It transfers the money or ownership of shares/securities to another person without payment in return.

The person who creates and executes a Deed of Gift to transfer money, property or shares from himself to another person is called a Donor and the person receiving the gift is called the Donee.

Generally, most Deed of Gift transfers are carried out between family members as property transferred in this way is usually given out of the love and affection the giver has for the recipient.

Transferring shares, property or money by way of gift must be executed as a Deed because no consideration is given in return for the gift, thus the document has to be witnessed. Please note: the witnesses have to be disinterested parties. In other words they cannot have a stake in the transfer of the property. If a witness stands to benefit or take a loss because of the transfer of the property, then cannot be considered disinterested and cannot act as a witness.

A Deed of Gift – Shares template shall be used where the Donor wants to give shares or other securities in a company by way of gift to someone else.

This is an unconditional gift; the Donor gives the shares/securities absolutely and retains no right or interest in the gifted shares.

N.B. When gifting shares please make sure to check the Articles of Association of the relevant company in order to see if the company’s consent is required before the transfer of shares can be carried out. If the Articles of Association state that the negotiability of the shares is restricted by the prior written approval of the company then the Donor must obtain the approval of the company before the gift can be made.

Giving a gift to someone can have some Inheritance Tax implications. Generally, any gifts made to any individuals will be exempt from Inheritance Tax payments if the Donor lives for a total of seven years or more after having made the gift. These kinds of gifts are usually known as Potentially Exempt Transfers (PETs).

However, please note that if the Donor gives away an asset but keeps an interest in it then the gift will not fall within the category of a potentially exempt transfer.

If the Donor dies within seven years of making a gift and the gift is valued at more than the Inheritance Tax threshold, Inheritance Tax will need to be paid on the value of the gift usually by the Donee or by the representatives of the estate.

Our templates are in Microsoft Word format, written in plain English easy to use and edit.

 

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Pari Passu Clause in a Debt Instrument

Pari Passu is a Latin phrase which means ‘equal footstep’ or ‘equal footing’. In the legal sense, the term is used in the context of ‘proportionally; at an equal pace; without preference’.

In terms of debt instruments, Pari Passu can refer to loans, bonds and some types of securities which have an equal right of payment or level of seniority. In other words, the phrase is used to describe similar ranking of securities or lenders.

In a loan agreement the Pari Passu clause is a covenant that loans and securities ‘rank pari passu’ amid all the other unsecured debt of the borrower. The clause is used in the context of unsecured debt securities which are said to rank equally with each other or with other unsecured debts.

The Pari Passu clause requires the borrower to ensure that the lender’s rights under the loan agreement will, at all times, rank at least equally with all of the borrower’s other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations so that the lender’s share of the borrower’s assets in the event of its liquidation will be equal to that of all other unsecured and unsubordinated creditors.

Please note that the Pari Passu clause applies even in secured facilities notwithstanding that is refers to unsecured indebtedness. It is an assurance that the lender’s rights will, if the security fails, rank Pari Passu (equally) with the rights of the borrower’s unsecured creditors and the clause applies to existing as well as future obligations. Its relevance comes if there is a shortfall in the security on enforcement or if the security is for any reason defective.

Generally in a loan agreement a Pari Passu clause prevents the borrower from incurring obligations to other creditors that rank legally senior to the loan agreement containing the clause. Thus, the purpose of the Pari Passu clause is to ensure that the borrower does not have, nor will it subsequently create, a class of creditors whose claims against the borrower will rank legally senior to the indebtedness represented by the loan agreement.

The Pari Passu clause is a companion to the Negative Pledge clause. The Negative Pledge clause is an undertaking by the borrower not to create any security over its assets. Both clauses are fundamentally important covenants usually found in loan agreements. Whilst the Negative Pledge ensures that the lender’s right to repayment is not subordinated to secured creditors, a Pari Passu clause tries to ensure that the lender is not subordinated to unsecure creditors.

In summary, the Negative Pledge and the Pari Passu clause are very important clauses that should be included in every loan agreement in order to ensure that the loan is not subordinated to another lender on insolvency.

 

The Legal Stop is a straightforward online business using information technology for the public good. We aim to make the provision of legal services accessible and transparent for people and businesses alike.

We provide affordable and transparent diverse online legal services on a fixed fee basis.  Our services include: Fixed Fee Legal Advice from UK Solicitors and Barristers, Fixed Fee Document Drafting and Legal and Business Document Templates.

In our portfolio of templates we also provide debt instruments with a Pari Passu clause: